西門子CPU1518-4PN/DP
西門子CPU1518-4PN/DP
西門子CPU1518-4PN/DP
一、項(xiàng)目簡介
近年來,機(jī)器人自動(dòng)化噴涂系統(tǒng)因其具有重復(fù)精度高、涂裝質(zhì)量好、可靠性好、適用性強(qiáng)、效率高等眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn),已廣泛應(yīng)用于汽車等工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。而目前航空產(chǎn)品制造過程仍舊是勞動(dòng)密集、工序繁復(fù)、工況惡劣、輔以大量工裝夾具并以手工制造為主,自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)能力不足。在國家提出十三五規(guī)劃,大力發(fā)展智能制造2025的時(shí)代大背景下,中航工業(yè)復(fù)合材料制造所高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚,率先在噴涂領(lǐng)域采用機(jī)器人進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn),加快了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),提高了裝備先進(jìn)制造能力。
本項(xiàng)目采用的是一臺(tái)可移動(dòng)的懸掛式噴涂6軸機(jī)器人,它安裝在3自由度直角坐標(biāo)變位天車上,可以在噴房范圍內(nèi)(噴漆房內(nèi)尺寸:L30m×W9m×6.5m)進(jìn)行前后、左右、上下及旋轉(zhuǎn)等多個(gè)自由度的運(yùn)動(dòng),機(jī)器人的手臂上帶有一支噴槍,能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)大型復(fù)合材料工件外表面涂裝涂層的噴涂作業(yè)。
二、懸掛式機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)組成
懸掛式機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)由總控系統(tǒng)、天車系統(tǒng)(懸掛行走機(jī)構(gòu))、機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)、智能供漆系統(tǒng)以及視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)組成,系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖如圖1所示:
圖1機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
天車系統(tǒng)包括:1套縱走機(jī)構(gòu)(X軸)、1套橫走機(jī)構(gòu)(Y軸)、1套升降機(jī)構(gòu)(Z軸)和電氣伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),還有用于維修和檢測(cè)的走臺(tái)等附屬設(shè)施。如圖2所示:
圖2天車和機(jī)器人裝置圖
智能供漆系統(tǒng)由虹吸管、隔膜泵、物料罐、過濾器、2KS、調(diào)壓器、空打保護(hù)器等組成一套完整的供漆系統(tǒng),是噴涂系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,其承擔(dān)著從原料供應(yīng)到原料調(diào)節(jié)預(yù)混配比等重要的作用,是執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的必要前提。物料包含油漆、固化劑和清洗劑。
CPU 1518-4 PN/DP ODK 功能:
Order number |
6ES7518-4AP00-3AB0 |
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CPU 1518-4 PN/DP ODK 4MB PROG./20MB DATA |
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General information |
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Product type designation |
CPU 1518-4 PN/DP ODK |
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Engineering with |
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V14 |
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Display |
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Screen diagonal (cm) |
6.1 cm |
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Supply voltage |
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Type of supply voltage |
24 V DC |
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Power loss |
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Power loss, typ. |
24 W |
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Memory |
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Work memory |
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4 Mbyte |
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20 Mbyte |
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20 Mbyte |
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Load memory |
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32 Gbyte |
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CPU processing times |
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for bit operations, typ. |
1 ns |
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for word operations, typ. |
2 ns |
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for fixed point arithmetic, typ. |
2 ns |
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for floating point arithmetic, typ. |
6 ns |
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Counters, timers and their retentivity |
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S7 counter |
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2 048 |
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IEC counter |
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Any (only limited by the main memory) |
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S7 times |
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2 048 |
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IEC timer |
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Any (only limited by the main memory) |
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Data areas and their retentivity |
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Flag |
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16 kbyte |
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Address area |
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I/O address area |
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32 kbyte; All inputs are in the process image |
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32 kbyte; All outputs are in the process image |
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Time of day |
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Clock |
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Hardware clock |
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1. Interface |
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Interface types |
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2 |
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Yes |
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Yes; X1 |
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Functionality |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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PROFINET IO Controller |
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Services |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes; As MRP redundancy manager and/or MRP client; max. number of devices in the ring: 50 |
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Yes; Requirement: IRT |
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Yes |
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Yes; Max. 32 PROFINET devices |
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512; In total, up to 1 000 distributed I/O devices can be connected via AS-i, PROFIBUS or PROFINET |
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64 |
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512 |
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512 |
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8; in total across all interfaces |
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8 |
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The minimum value of the update time also depends on communication share set for PROFINET IO, on the number of IO devices, and on the quantity of configured user data |
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Update time for IRT |
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125 μs |
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187.5 μs |
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250 μs to 4 ms |
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500 μs to 8 ms |
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1 ms to 16 ms |
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2 ms to 32 ms |
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4 ms to 64 ms |
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Update time = set "odd" send clock (any multiple of 125 μs: 375 μs, 625 μs ... 3 875 μs) |
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Update time for RT |
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250 μs to 128 ms |
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500 μs to 256 ms |
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1 ms to 512 ms |
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2 ms to 512 ms |
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4 ms to 512 ms |
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PROFINET IO Device |
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Services |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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No |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes; Requirement: IRT |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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4 |
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2. Interface |
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Interface types |
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1 |
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No |
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Yes; X2 |
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Functionality |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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No |
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PROFINET IO Controller |
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Services |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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No |
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Yes |
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No |
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No |
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Yes |
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No |
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128; In total, up to 1 000 distributed I/O devices can be connected via AS-i, PROFIBUS or PROFINET |
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128 |
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128 |
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8; in total across all interfaces |
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The minimum value of the update time also depends on communication share set for PROFINET IO, on the number of IO devices, and on the quantity of configured user data |
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Update time for RT |
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1 ms to 512 ms |
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PROFINET IO Device |
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Services |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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No |
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Yes |
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No |
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No |
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No |
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Yes |
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No |
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Yes |
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4 |
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3. Interface |
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Interface types |
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1 |
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No |
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Yes; X3 |
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Functionality |
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No |
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No |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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4. Interface |
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Interface types |
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1 |
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Yes; X4 |
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Functionality |
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Yes |
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No |
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Yes |
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Protocols |
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Number of connections |
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384; via integrated interfaces of the CPU and connected CPs / CMs |
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PROFIBUS DP master |
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Services |
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125; In total, up to 1 000 distributed I/O devices can be connected via AS-i, PROFIBUS or PROFINET |
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Isochronous mode |
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Isochronous operation (application synchronized up to terminal) |
Yes; With minimum OB 6x cycle of 125 μs |
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Supported technology objects |
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Motion Control |
Yes; Note: The number of axes affects the cycle time of the PLC program; selection guide via the TIA Selection Tool or SIZER |
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Controller |
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Yes; Universal PID controller with integrated optimization |
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Yes; PID controller with integrated optimization for valves |
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Yes; PID controller with integrated optimization for temperature |
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Counting and measuring |
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Yes |
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Ambient conditions |
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Ambient temperature during operation |
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0 °C |
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60 °C; Display: 50 °C, at an operating temperature of typically 50 °C, the display is switched off |
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0 °C |
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40 °C; Display: 40 °C, at an operating temperature of typically 40 °C, the display is switched off |
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Configuration |
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Programming |
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Programming language |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Know-how protection |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Access protection |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Open Development interfaces |
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5.8 Mbyte |
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Dimensions |
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Width |
175 mm |
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Height |
147 mm |
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Depth |
129 mm |
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Weights |
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Weight, approx. |
1 988 g |
項(xiàng)目選用的是史陶比爾(Staubli)TX250系列6軸機(jī)器人,也是***新款的機(jī)器人。整個(gè)機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)由3個(gè)部件組成,包括控制器CS8C、機(jī)械手臂(Arm)以及手動(dòng)示教盒(Manualcontrolpendant,MCP)。
圖3機(jī)器人全貌
三、控制系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)
此套系統(tǒng)的總控系統(tǒng)控制器采用西門子S7-1500PLC作為主控制器,WinCCProfessionalV13SP1作為上位機(jī)操作畫面,TP1200作為操作面板,天車、機(jī)器人和供漆系統(tǒng)分別采用S7-1200作為控制器。S7-1500總控系統(tǒng)通過PROFINET總線與噴涂機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)、供漆系統(tǒng)和懸掛行走系統(tǒng)通訊,完成系統(tǒng)整體控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控及操作,保證對(duì)整個(gè)工件的連續(xù)噴涂?刂葡到y(tǒng)架構(gòu)如圖4所示,主控系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)備表單,如下表1所示。
圖4系統(tǒng)硬件配置圖
表1主控系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)備表單
四、控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能
懸掛式機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)天車系統(tǒng)和機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)的單獨(dú)進(jìn)行操作。在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)天車可以通過操作屏TP700進(jìn)行操作,分別對(duì)X、Y和Z軸伺服電機(jī)進(jìn)行上電、零點(diǎn)校準(zhǔn)、***定位等。
供漆系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)屏TP700可以顯示油漆液位、清洗劑液位、固化劑液位、管路壓力、電磁閥狀態(tài)、流體調(diào)壓器狀態(tài)、2KS系統(tǒng)各種油漆的自動(dòng)配比情況、氣動(dòng)泵以及防空打保護(hù)器等。
機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)屏TP700顯示X、Y、Z、RX、RY、RZ六軸移動(dòng)情況。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)示教盒可對(duì)機(jī)器人進(jìn)行離線軌跡規(guī)劃等。
總控制系統(tǒng)包括現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)和遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)兩套組成。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制系統(tǒng)能通過總線與機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)、懸掛行走系統(tǒng)和供漆系統(tǒng)通訊,完成系統(tǒng)整體控制,對(duì)整個(gè)工件的連續(xù)噴涂;遠(yuǎn)程控制系統(tǒng)主要實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控及操作。
總控制系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)Ψ窒到y(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制及狀態(tài)顯示?蓪(duì)供漆系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行換色、加料、清洗等操作?蓪(duì)懸掛行走機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中產(chǎn)生的誤差進(jìn)行修正。
五、噴涂工藝流程及控制的技術(shù)要點(diǎn)
懸掛式機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)噴涂工藝流程如下:
首先天車系統(tǒng)、供漆系統(tǒng)和噴涂系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備就緒,工件進(jìn)入指定位置,并定位→系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)工件實(shí)際位置→坐標(biāo)擬合→示教(手動(dòng)調(diào)試程序)→啟動(dòng)運(yùn)行,總控讀取噴漆“工件數(shù)據(jù)”,發(fā)噴涂“軌跡號(hào)”和噴涂“配方確認(rèn)”信號(hào)給機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)→機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)讀取噴涂“軌跡號(hào)”和顏色“配方號(hào)”→機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)確定是當(dāng)前噴涂配方,則給總控發(fā)出位置1的“噴涂申請(qǐng)”信號(hào)→懸掛系統(tǒng)三軸分別到達(dá)指定位置1后,發(fā)“天車已到噴涂位置”信號(hào)給總控→2KS混合,機(jī)器人開始自動(dòng)噴涂(調(diào)用噴涂程序1)→噴涂工件1號(hào)區(qū)域,噴涂完成,機(jī)器人回到HOME位后停止,并給總控發(fā)“噴涂完成”信號(hào)→總控讀取“噴涂完成”信號(hào),變換工件指針,指向2號(hào)區(qū)域工件數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)噴涂“軌跡號(hào)”和噴涂“配方確認(rèn)”信號(hào)給機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)→機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)讀取噴涂“軌跡號(hào)”和顏色“配方號(hào)”→機(jī)器人噴涂系統(tǒng)確定是當(dāng)前噴涂配方,則給總控發(fā)出位置2的“噴涂申請(qǐng)”信號(hào)→懸掛系統(tǒng)三軸分別到達(dá)指定位置2后,發(fā)“天車已到噴涂位置”信號(hào)給總控→2KS混合,機(jī)器人開始自動(dòng)噴涂(調(diào)用噴涂程序2)→噴涂工件2號(hào)區(qū)域,噴涂完成后,機(jī)器人回到HOME位后停止……
按上述程序分別噴涂工件3號(hào)區(qū)域,4號(hào)區(qū)域……n號(hào)區(qū)域,直***成工件的全部噴涂任務(wù)→機(jī)器人回零位(HOME點(diǎn)),天車回到原始位置,工件下線。
圖7噴涂工藝流程圖
為了完成對(duì)整個(gè)工件的連續(xù)噴涂,直***車回到原始位置,總控的S7-1500控制器作為整個(gè)系統(tǒng)***為關(guān)鍵的核心部件,協(xié)調(diào)控制天車和機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)的工作。手動(dòng)示教調(diào)試機(jī)器人程序時(shí),要把工件在每個(gè)區(qū)域的天車X、Y、Z坐標(biāo)值、機(jī)器人的軌跡號(hào)要手動(dòng)記錄下來,通過在總控的操作屏TP1200或者在中控的工控機(jī)上輸入,存入總控S7-1500PLC的數(shù)據(jù)塊里,系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)運(yùn)行時(shí),再自動(dòng)一步一步按照工藝順序調(diào)用已經(jīng)存入的數(shù)據(jù)。
由于工件種類多,不同工件劃分的區(qū)域大小是不一樣的,而且每個(gè)區(qū)域是多個(gè)數(shù)值,存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的DB塊是數(shù)據(jù)的嵌套,即為多重?cái)?shù)組,所以DB塊的大小要開辟足夠大,才能滿足生產(chǎn)要求。總控若選擇普通的S7-300/400PLC用STEP7編程方式實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)和讀取有一定的困難,故選擇S7-1500PLC采用TIA博途的SCL編程方式實(shí)現(xiàn)此功能,更加方便和容易。下面介紹實(shí)現(xiàn)過程。
工件工藝數(shù)據(jù)表的建立過程:
⑴.在TIA博途V13SP1編程軟件下,添加一個(gè)新的“PLCdatatypes”(相當(dāng)于Step7里建立的用戶自定義DB塊),命名為“工件配方”,在里面添加“天車X坐標(biāo)”(定義為整數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)類型)、“天車Y坐標(biāo)”(定義為整數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)類型)、“天車Z坐標(biāo)”(定義為整數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)類型)和“機(jī)器人軌跡號(hào)”(定義為字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)類型),外加兩個(gè)備用數(shù)據(jù),防止以后客戶提出增加新功能時(shí)用,“油漆配方號(hào)”(定義為Word數(shù)據(jù)類型)和“油漆流量”(定義為整數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)類型),現(xiàn)在這兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)是在畫面上直接輸入,供漆系統(tǒng)直接接收的。
圖8“工件配方”數(shù)據(jù)組